论文摘要：
如需论文全文请与我们联系
现实的虚拟和虚拟的现实—社会人际关系网对电子媒介的扩散与应用的影响
杨伯溆
本文展示了弱关系、强关系、“杀熟”、“看客”、人造环境等社会因素与电子媒介之间的关系。在现代化进程中，无论是人造环境还是电子媒介，其根本的作用之一便是对现实的解构或者虚拟。这个虚拟化的过程充满了由于社会网络固有的不确定性或风险而带来的抑郁或焦虑和各种的失范行为。反过来说，这实际上是进入因特网虚拟社会的必要条件。虚拟社会中对现实角色的模拟就是所谓“虚拟的现实”。虚拟的现实生活意味着不但省力而且无风险的解放和享受。但正是这种省力和无风险似乎使网众彻底丧失了自我身份。
中国互联网展望—技术变革与发展动向
彭兰
在中互联网进入第二个十年的发展阶段时，一系列技术变革正在展开。总体来看，这些变革在把互联网带向两种趋向。趋向之一是汇聚，包括机器与机器、机器与人、人与人以及媒体与媒体的汇聚，与之相关的技术包括网格技术、IPv6技术、语义网技术、RSS技术以及各种社会软件。各种形式的汇聚不仅将引发互联网产业或传媒产业的革命，也会带来社会社会的结构性变化。趋向之二是分权，这首先体现为P2P技术引发的网络结构上的“去中心化”，其次体现为由“博客”、“维客”等应用方式对网络中的专业媒体机构权力的冲击。这两个趋向的共同目标是创造一个更为高效而平等的网络社会。但是技术的日益发展必将带来产业上的震荡，并引起政治、经济及社会的各种力量的较量。
全球资本主义下的另类媒体—理论与实践
成露茜
当媒体企业变得愈加全球化和集中化，另类(或激进)媒体也变得更活跃和多见。然而，很少有媒体学者将另类媒介当做一个严肃的课题来研究，那些从事媒体批判研究的学者一般是针对主流大众传播的内容进行批判性的分析，指出它明白显示的或隐藏的政治、社会意义，并且试图从媒体的拥有、内部组织、内容生产过程，乃至于所镶嵌在内的整个政经文化体系来理解这种内容产生的原因和后果。他们也倾向于忽略另类媒体的研究。由于主流媒体传播对日常生活有很大的影响，我们有必要对进行拆解、分析和判断。但是不要忘记，除了一般大众媒体之外，还有别的媒体生产和公开传播讯息，而它们所传播的讯息与大众媒体截然不同，学者称这些媒体为“另类媒体”(Alternative Media)。从历史角度来看，另类媒体在社会运动中扮演着不可忽视的角色，而且持续作为异议和抵抗的代表，它们是另类全球主义的一大动力。本文将引用当前个别媒体的实例去检验有关另类媒体的理论与概念，讨论另类媒体何以另类的问题，以及它们在全球化中的角色。
传媒的全球化—理论异议
特里斯当—马特拉
自20世纪80年代以来，随着有线电视和卫星传播的出现以及媒体自由化政策的推进，“视听”国际化现象得到了进一步加强。随着这种加强，有关“全球化”的理论层出不穷。此处的“全球化”概念很少被理解为一种现实，更多地被理解为一个话语总体—有时相互矛盾，有时相互汇聚。不过都是在对世界的文化状况发表看法，建议更新思考“视听”国际化过程中文化作用的方式。这些基于全球化的话语和研究不同于政治经济学批评的研究，更不同于文化帝国主义的见解。后者发轫于20世纪60年代末期，突出了跨国传媒系统作为(全球化)载体的支配逻辑。这些“新思路”与此相反，把跨国传媒视为一种文化资源，它有助于南、北双方国家身份的建构游戏。本文的目的在于：重新回到“全球化”话语的生成过程；考察一些专家的观点，衡量得失，来分析视听“全球化”过程中的文化效果。为此，我们将围绕几个理论基础来进行阐述。
集体主义文化背景下的传媒研究思辨
赵敬松
不同文化中的人的行为存在或多或少的差异，传媒实践中也是如此。本文试图梳理当代跨文化研究中应用广泛的文化差异理论—个人主义和集体主义文化架构，并探讨其在人际传播、组织传播和文化传播等方面的应用，特别论述了全球化背景下跨文化研究在媒介传播中市场层面的应用。本文期望能为国内乃至同属集体主义文化的大部分亚洲地区的传媒研究提供一种思路。
从“媒体意见发布”到“公众意见整合”—新时期中国新闻评论的历史性变迁
涂光晋
新闻评论历来被看做媒介的声音，社论等重型评论文体甚至被称为媒介的旗帜和灵魂，在组织舆论、反映舆论、引导舆论和进行舆论监督等方面，新闻评论起着其他类型的传播手段所无法替代的作用。改革开放以来的26年，是中国社会变革最为剧烈的时期，而中国新闻评论这26年来的发展变化，也比历史上任何一个时期都要显著和巨大。本文将着重论述中国新闻评论的主要变化和现实困惑，并对中国新闻评论的未来走向进行探讨。
民间妇女组织与大众媒介的互动—家庭暴力成为公共问题的过程
卜卫 米晓琳
基于性别的暴力是一个人权问题、妇女健康问题和发展问题。“私人生活中”对妇女暴力的合法性渗透在许多文化信仰、文化规范和社会制度中，这导致了长期以来社会对妇女的家庭暴力的熟视无睹和默许。在中国特定情境中，传播，包括大众媒介传播和替代性媒体传播对改变家庭暴力的社会态度具有不可替代的作用，民间妇女组织和妇女活动家更倾向于将大众媒介看做最重要的合作伙伴。本文首先描述中国大众媒介的发展、性质和作用以及民间妇女组织与其合作的可能性。尔后，集中讨论了民间妇女组织与大众媒介互动的三个阶段：第一，寻求合作阶段，通过大众媒介“打破沉默”；第二，相互卷入阶段；第三，创造替代性媒体阶段。
黄金时段电视剧中的暴力内容分析—兼论中国大众传媒的涵化功能
龙耘
“涵化分析”作为传播效果研究中的重要理论之一，近三十年来主导着大众传播研究的一个重要方面，即电视如何影响受众有关社会现实的观念和信念，进而达到有效的社会控制。该理论因此而受到各国传播学者的高度重视和不断修正。本研究从涵化理论得以生发的一个重要来源—电视暴力研究入手，着重分析我国内地黄金时候电视剧中的暴力内容，并在此基础上展开较大样本量的受众调查，初步考察和论述了涵化理论基本假设在我国的适用性以及中国大众传媒涵化功能发生的机制与过程。
新闻报道怎样影响对外政策—从《外交头条》看美国对外政策的新闻机制
李笑一
在西方世界，新闻记者拥有“无冕之王”的地位，而新闻界就被称做“无冕国度”。新闻报道往往能够使本国甚至世界上其他相隔遥远的地方发生的事情在瞬间变得全球皆知。而新闻报道还有一个重要方面就是对国家对外政策产生的影响，新闻记者通过种种尖端的信息传播技术探求事实并公布于众，尤其当国家处于非常时刻，可以在政治传播领域扮演议程设置者的角色，从而对于塑造民意起到了不可估量的作用。因此，与现实相对的就是政治家的回应和控制。本论文试图从剖析的角度出发，选取战争或危机报道作为背景，对美国对外政策中的新闻机制进行解析。
目的、手段、结果与抉择—隐性采访的伦理问题再探讨
庄永志
对于包括隐性采访在内的新闻职业行为的研究，国内研究者往往从国外新闻界的职业道德规范的文本出发，进行简单的道德判断，很少在立足于新闻学本体的基础上进行伦理学特别是应用伦理学的思考，并进而提出富有建设性、前瞻性和国际性的应对规则与程序。为厘清学术问题、建立业内规程，本文从应用伦理学的角度，采用“行为者→行为→结果（Agent→Action→Consequences）”模式，结合国内外的典型案例和中央电视台总编室研究处的调查结果，逐一分析隐性采访的目的、手段和结果，最终推导出符合公众利益和国际惯例的处理隐性采访的规则与程序。
现代性漂浮—关于韩国影片《薄荷糖》、《绿洲》分析
陈卫星
被称之为“韩流”的韩国影视自20世纪90年代以来成为席卷东亚的重要文化现象。韩国电影无疑是韩国社会转型的重要叙事文本。本文以韩国电影的代表性人物李沧东的两部影片《薄荷糖》和《绿洲》为对象，采用叙事分析和话语分析的方法，剖析韩国社会的化进程当中个人身份认同的焦虑，透过影片中的性别关系、权力结构、话语体系和道德实践之间的相互连接，折射出韩国社会现代性的多重症结。
全球化的媒体环境与多元的企业文化—台湾地区卫星电视频道公司之研究
麦莉娟
台湾地区的卫星及有线电视产业在开放外资进入之初，吸引不少境外的投资者，产生了全球化的效应与影响。本研究的主要宗旨在于了解台湾地区卫星频道公司企业文化，研究不同所有权结构的公司之企业文化，进而分析境外投资的频道公司是否会因资金来源的国家或区域不同，影响了公司内部的企业文化特质，并比较不同形态的公司其企业文化的差异。本研究采用定量的研究方法，来比较不同所有权结构、不同国家或区域所投资的卫星频道公司的企业文化特质。结果显示，“结果倾向”与“专业化考虑”两个企业文化方面，在不同所有权结构的公司中有明显的差距。研究结果说明，外资公司具有不同于本地的企业文化特质，此种企业文化与境外投资者的国家文化息息相关，国家文化影响着企业文化。随着全球化的发展，外资的进入所带进的不只是资金，连带着公司企业文化也深受该国家或区域文化的影响，最后与本地文化融合成为另一种文化，形成一种多元企业文化的媒体环境。
全球竞争力—欧洲电视市场博弈的启示
托马斯·科兹 罗青
对欧洲影视传媒产业的关注和研究不仅是对全球传媒版图的一个完整关照，更重要的是对于正处于国际化接轨和产业化改革之际的中国传媒产业的重要借鉴。本文的创作也体现了这样的视野。过去的20年，在经历了巨大的政治、经济变革和全球化融合的同时，更多欧洲人关注着这样一个问题：政治和经济融合究竟将会使欧洲成为统一实体还是多种不同文化的拼凑？同问题也存在于欧洲的电视市场：欧洲电视变成了统一面孔？还是在统一大市场之下各自纷繁的文化保持着独立和个性？本文用来自各国一线的市场数据试图为您分析解答这样一个问题：欧洲多元化的电视市场和观众间有何共性和差异。全文共分六个部分：第一部分介绍全文创作背景和主旨；其后依次包括市场竞争下的电视体制、电视市场的分裂和竞争格局、受众市场的收视习惯、占主流的节目模式及其在区域及国际市场上的表现、欧洲电视产业未来的发展趋势。
人际和群体传播关系对班级行为的影响
何业文
本文旨在分析班级中的人际传播关系和群体传播网络，同时希望了解班级或者其他类似班级的组织性群体中的群体行为。通过对班级中的人际传播关系和群体传播网络的描述和分析，尝试实证传播和群体行为之间的对应关系。本研究采用社会网络分析法(Social Network Analysis)。在中国，该方法在人际传播和群体传播领域的应用尚不广泛，是一种比较新的定量研究方法。研究结果表明班级中存在数量不等的“友伴群”；不同的“友伴群”有不同的群体行为；人际传播关系和群体传播网络对“友伴群”的群体行为有一定的影响。文章最后探讨了本次研究所采用的“自然实验设计”中的不足，对未来的研究提出了一些讨论和思考。
Marrying the Dragon（龙） to the Phoenix（凤）: Twenty-eight Years of Doing a Psychology of the Chinese People
Michael Harris Bond
It has been a privilege to pursue my quest for intellectual harmony among the Chinese people over these last 28 years! In contrast to the British Canadian culture of my origin, Chinese culture appears big, deep, remote, strange, mysterious, and impenetrable. As a psychologist, how was I to understand persons socialized into such a different reality Early in my adventure, I intuited that, if I could wrestle with that mighty dragon and find a satisfying psychological balance, then surely Confucius had been right when he proposed that “within the four seas, all people are members of the same family.(四海之内，皆兄弟也)” in this presentation, I will describe my journey into the heart of the dragon aided by the idealism of the phoenix, to discover a representation of our unity as human beings arising from the ashes of cultural separateness. This has been yet another “Journey to the west”(《西游记》), and like all monkeys I have been assisted in my intellectual labors, most especially by yet another monkey. His welcoming, respectful and scientifically grounded conversation has provided the challenging counterpoint necessary for my to integrate cultural diversity into my present apprehension of our human unity.
The Ethnographic I and Intimate Journalism
Carolyn Ellis
As a sociology and communication ethnographer, I specialize in writing autoethnographies-ethnographies that focus on personal and emotional life. In this paper, originally prepared for the China Communication Forum of 2004, I introduce and demonstrate an autoethnographic perspective to doing social science research. Additionally, I discuss the relationship of ethnography to American journalism, in particular, intimate journalism, which tries to evoke the everyday intimate lives of people and make emotional connections among the reader, writer, and story told.
Storytelling and the Self in Everyday Life: Narrative Inquiry on the Cutting Edge
Arthur P. Bochner
The narrative paradigm that the paper has propoed is an interdisciplinary approach to research that seeks to give voice to experiences that have been shrouded in silence, to bring intellect and emotionality closer together, to merge the personal and the academic and to honor our ethical responsibility to give something back to the people we study. In short, the narrative perspective embraces the poetic, moral, and political dimensions of social research. Based on the presentation for the Chinese Communication Forum 2004, the paper focuses on five concerns that characterize a narrative perspective o9n communication.? The first concern focuses on the connection between the self who is writing/observing/researching and the other(s) who are written about, observed, and /or studied. The second concern emphasizes the desire to achieve an authentic researcher’s voice. The third concern centers on narrative conventions and the cultural transmission of narrative practices. The fourth concern revolves around the need to develop new and alternative modes for representing interpersonal experiences. The fifth and final concern, emphasizes the relational connections between writers and readers of social science texts and the ethical consequences of new research practices inspired by postmodernism, poststructuralism, and feminism.
An Application of Critical Media Theories to the “Korean Wave” in the East Asia
Young-Mook Choi
This study attempts to interpret “Korean Wave” as an aspect of the exchange of media culture. The “Korean Wave” or “Hallyu(韩流)”, in a broad sense, means a boom of Korean op culture in East Asia including China. In recent years, it becomes a term referring to the phenomena of intensively consuming Korean cultural products among the young Chinese or Japanese Women. This study summarizes theoretical outlines to understand media culture flows in the East Asia that are sparked by the “Korean Wave”. For this purpose, this study critically reviews cultural imperialism and media imperialism that are considered as a culture exchange model of the world system, and reviews cultural globalization, cultural hybridization and cultural discount theory as the theoretical resources for the exchanging theories which have counter characteristics of cultural imperialism and media imperialism.
Cross-media Promotion and the Future of Digital Television in China: Balancing Competitive Instincts with Business Realities
Ian Weber
China’s adoption of internationall trends in resource sharing within trans-media groups was designed to make domestic media competitive when the market opened up to foreign players as part of the World Trade Organization(WYO) Agreement. However, the nurturing of competitive instincts within the media Industry has overshadowed the ability of these trans-media groups to adequately utilize resource sharing for the cross-promotion of new media technologies such as digital broadcast television(DBT). This paper examines the impact of this under-utilization of resource sharing for providing a platform for comprehensive and customized marketing of digital television services. It argues that current competitive instincts need to be balanced with the businesses reality that digital television requires the promotional support of established media groups to assist in the adoption of the next generation of value-added, interactive digital services.
Public Broadcasting and New Global Challenges: A Comparative Study of the World’s Major Public Broadcasting Services
Junhao Hong
In the last two decades and particularly in the past several years, due to the unprecedented changes in the world’s media landscapes that have been caused by the drastic changes in political, economic, and cultural factors, public broadcasting across the globe has encountered many new and much tougher challenges and problems, especially the challenges from transnational, international and global commercial broadcasters. Various public broadcasting services have responded in various ways. Using a comparative analysis approach, this study examines the recent challenges and problems public service broadcasting has encountered, how the world’s leading public broadcasters have responded, and what the current situations of the leading public broadcast services are. Specifically, this research analyzes five major public broadcasters: the British Broadcasting Corporation(BBC), the Public Broadcasting Service(PBS) of the United States, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation(CBC), the Nippon Hoso Kyokai(NHK) of Japan, and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation(ABC). The key issues discussed include the overall media environment of the respective countries, the various government policies on public broadcasting, the competition and surviving strategies of these public broadcasting services, and the relevant national and international political, economic and societal factors that have influenced or altered the respective media industries. A conclusion section attempts to draw the implications of this study’s findings.
On Screen and On Line: Public Broadcasting in Networked Times
Graham Murdock
From its earliest years there have been two competing visions of broadcasting’s core role in communal life: public broadcasters and commercial broadcasters. Over the last two decades the balance between these competing visions has shifted as a result of three intersecting developments—fragmentation, marketisation, and digitalization. Opinion is divided on whether the long-term consequences of digitalization, and its likely interactions with the other major shifts detailed above will be positive or negative. Pessimists, who currently dominate the debate, point to trends that could further undermine the historical rationale for public broadcasting. There is however an alternative scenario. The growth of the Internet offers public broadcasting an unprecedented opportunity to renew its core project of providing resources for citizenship by seeing programs not as a unique, bounded experience but as gateways to wide range of other sources, activities, and interactions. This paper explores some recent examples of this emerging creative commons in action and examines its possible future development.
The State and the Market: Do Media Really Have a Choice between the Two
Robert G. Picard
This paper explores the context of privatization of media firms in transitional economies and debates over the merits of state ownership and control or private ownership and market control. This paper argues that the experience of media in western market economies indicates that the choice is not a simple one between state and market. Although policies tend to be more liberal than in transitional economies, even well developed market-based nations have required state intervention to coordinate production and distribution of media products. The processes and that the state and economic actors will continue to play a significant role in the availability of, access to , and use media in the future. |
